CO, CN, MgH) Elements heavier than iron and some isotopes of lighter elements may be accounted for by capture of successive neutrons. Nucleosynthesis is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons (protons and neutrons) and nuclei. Dans l'hypothèse d'une origine cosmologique des éléments légers, un nouveau type de modèles cosmologiques, ... et donc une restriction de la nucléosynthèse primordiale. Neutron star collisions are now believed to be the main source of r-process elements. [14] Further nucleosynthesis processes can occur, in particular the r-process (rapid process) described by the B2FH paper and first calculated by Seeger, Fowler and Clayton,[15] in which the most neutron-rich isotopes of elements heavier than nickel are produced by rapid absorption of free neutrons. In the years immediately before World War II, Hans Bethe first elucidated those nuclear mechanisms by which hydrogen is fused into helium. This promising scenario, though generally supported by supernova experts, has yet to achieve a satisfactory calculation of r-process abundances. Il existe principalement deux types de nucléosynthèses : la nucléosynthèse primordiale et la nucléosynthèse stellaire. El núcleo es el organelo celular más conspicuo, tiene forma esférica o globular, con un diámetro de 5 a 15 mm. Nucléosynthèse: Adriaan, Germain: Amazon.com.au: Books. Cela se produit principalement en raison de l'explosif nucléosynthèse lors de la combustion dell 'oxygène et silicium. Gamma-ray lines identifying 56Co and 57Co nuclei, whose half-lives limit their age to about a year, proved that their radioactive cobalt parents created them. Neutron star mergers are a recently discovered candidate source of elements produced in the r-process. The primary r-process has been confirmed by astronomers who had observed old stars born when galactic metallicity was still small, that nonetheless contain their complement of r-process nuclei; thereby demonstrating that the metallicity is a product of an internal process. gén. Look Up Any Name. Often these calculations can be simplified as a few key reactions control the rate of other reactions. et moins de deutérium E D Products of stellar nucleosynthesis mostly remain trapped in stellar cores and remnants, except if ejected through stellar winds and explosions. The mass loss events can be witnessed today in the planetary nebulae phase of low-mass star evolution, and the explosive ending of stars, called supernovae, of those with more than eight times the mass of the Sun. We couldn't find any lyrics matching your query. Some boron may have been formed at this time, but the process stopped before significant carbon could be formed, as this element requires a far higher product of helium density and time than were present in the short nucleosynthesis period of the Big Bang. la spallation cosmique ou nucléosynthèse interstellaire qui produit des éléments légers tels que le lithium et le bore (Le bore est un élément chimique de symbole B et de numéro atomique 5.) Editor John McBrewster The r-process is responsible for our natural cohort of radioactive elements, such as uranium and thorium, as well as the most neutron-rich isotopes of each heavy element. Stardust is one component of cosmic dust and is frequently called presolar grains. Nucleosynthesis, production on a cosmic scale of all the species of chemical elements from perhaps one or two simple types of atomic nuclei, a process that entails large-scale nuclear reactions including those in progress in the Sun and other stars. Cela montre donc que la richesse de notre monde en différents types d'atomes est l'œuvre d'au moins quatre « usines ... Ce nouveau-venu complète donc le tableau de la nucléosynthèse. Supernova nucleosynthesis within exploding stars is largely responsible for the elements between oxygen and rubidium: from the ejection of elements produced during stellar nucleosynthesis; through explosive nucleosynthesis during the supernova explosion; and from the r-process (absorption of multiple neutrons) during the explosion. Les trois types de base de nucléosynthèse sont : la nucléosynthèse primordiale [2] qui a eu lieu durant les premières minutes de l'univers, responsable de la formation des noyaux légers, principalement hélium 4 mais également deutérium, lithium. Explore Gruyter's 1. Beryllium and boron are not significantly produced by stellar fusion processes, since 8Be is not particle-bound. Es el centro de control de la célula; sin embargo no es un organelo independiente, ya que debe obtener sus proteínas del citoplasma.El núcleo contiene la mayor cantidad de DNA, al que se le da el nombre de genoma. 2, 1964, p. 432). Implications - La nucléosynthèse primordiale est une théorie d'astrophysique qui permet d'expliquer la présence de certains atomes dont l'existence n'était pas prévue par le modèle de nucléosynthèse stellaire, comme le deutérium, l'hélium 4 et le lithium 7. À ce moment, les protons et les électrons se mettent à jouer le même jeu que les protons et les neutrons durant la phase de nucléosynthèse initiale (H. Reeves, Patience dans l'azur, 1988, p. 95). The first direct proof that nucleosynthesis occurs in stars was the astronomical observation that interstellar gas has become enriched with heavy elements as time passed. Phone Number 2. Cosmic ray bombardment of solar-system material found on Earth (including meteorites) also contribute to the presence on Earth of cosmogenic nuclides. The Big Bang itself had been proposed in 1931, long before this period, by Georges Lemaître, a Belgian physicist, who suggested that the evident expansion of the Universe in time required that the Universe, if contracted backwards in time, would continue to do so until it could contract no further. Define nucleosynthesis. Nucléosynthèse (suite) Mécanismes de fabrication des noyaux atomiques. Forma: generalmente esférica, puede ser lenticular o elipsoide, en algunos casos lobulado (Fig. Carbon was not made in the Big Bang, but was produced later in larger stars via the triple-alpha process. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Plusieurs types de particules: nombre g eff de degrés de liberté effectifs . En gris clair : produit par explosion des naines blanches ( supernovas thermonucléaires ). Il existe plusieurs types de Nucléosynthèse : primordiale, stellaire et interstellaire. For the song by Vangelis, see, Process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons, primarily protons and neutrons, Chief nuclear reactions responsible for the, Black hole accretion disk nucleosynthesis, Actually, before the war ended, he learned about the problem of spherical implosion of, http://www-pdg.lbl.gov/2017/mobile/reviews/pdf/rpp2016-rev-bbang-nucleosynthesis-m.pdf, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, "Nuclear Quasi-Equilibrium during Silicon Burning", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, "Nucleosynthesis of Heavy Elements by Neutron Capture", "Gamma-Ray Lines from Young Supernova Remnants", "All the Gold in the Universe Could Come from the Collisions of Neutron Stars", "Nucleosynthesis from Black Hole Accretion Disks", "Nucleonsynthesis in Advective Accretion Disk Around Compact Object", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, "The Synthesis of the Elements from Hydrogen", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nucleosynthesis&oldid=995864748, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Pages that use a deprecated format of the chem tags, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Nuclear reactions due to cosmic rays. All the rest constitute less than 2% of the mass of the Solar System, and of other star systems as well. The heavier elements produced after the Big Bang range in atomic numbers from Z = 6 (carbon) to Z = 94 (plutonium). It replaced the incorrect although much cited alpha process of the B2FH paper, which inadvertently obscured Hoyle's 1954 theory. Star formation has been occurring continuously in galaxies since that time. No necesariamente se necesita un núcleo para usar una computadora. The fragments of these cosmic-ray collisions include helium-3 and the stable isotopes of the light elements lithium, beryllium, and boron. The entire variety of the elements and isotopes found in today's universe were created by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, stellar nucleosynthesis, supernova nucleosynthesis, and by nucleosynthesis in exotic events such … La célula 4. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. The goal of the theory of nucleosynthesis is to explain the vastly differing abundances of the chemical elements and their several isotopes from the perspective of natural processes. Isotope abundances are typically calculated from the transition rates between isotopes in a network. Lemaître's model was needed to explain the existence of deuterium and nuclides between helium and carbon, as well as the fundamentally high amount of helium present, not only in stars but also in interstellar space. These often act to create new elements in ways that can be used to date rocks or to trace the source of geological processes. Cosmic ray spallation is a process wherein cosmic rays impact the nuclei of the interstellar medium and fragment larger atomic nuclei. La nucléosynthèse primordiale est une théorie d'astrophysique qui permet d'expliquer la présence de certains atomes dont l'existence n'était pas prévue par le modèle de nucléosynthèse stellaire, comme le deutérium, l'hélium 4 et le lithium 7.. 81 relations. Supernova nucleosynthesis occurs in the energetic environment in supernovae, in which the elements between silicon and nickel are synthesized in quasiequilibrium[13] established during fast fusion that attaches by reciprocating balanced nuclear reactions to 28Si. La nucléosynthèse stellaire La nébuleuse N 70 dans le Grand Nuage de Magellan. Natural radioactivity radiogenesis (decay) of long-lived, heavy, primordial radionuclides such as uranium and thorium is the only exception, leading to an increase in the daughter nuclei of such natural decays. Updates? Un espace pour découvrir et comprendre les énergies, l'énergie nucléaire, les énergies renouvelables, la radioactivité, la physique-chimie, le climat et l'environnement, la santé et les sciences du vivant, les nouvelles technologies, la matière et l'Univers. 9.1).. Tamaño: generalmente entre 5-25 µm, visible con microscopio óptico.En hongos hay núcleos de 0.5 µm, visibles solamente con microscopio electrónico. By convention, these reaction-products are not termed "nucleogenic" nuclides, but rather, This page was last edited on 23 December 2020, at 08:11. The explosions of high-mass stars as supernovae release elements into their surroundings. [13] During this process, the burning of oxygen and silicon fuses nuclei that themselves have equal numbers of protons and neutrons to produce nuclides which consist of whole numbers of helium nuclei, up to 15 (representing 60Ni). fém. On Earth, no new nuclei are produced, except in nuclear laboratories that reproduce the above nuclear reactions with particle beams. Deux types de réactions nucléaires La fission L’un des effets d’une fission nucléaire est la rupture d’un noyau lourd (par exemple U235) en deux noyaux plus légers, par exemple sous l’effet de l’impact d’un neutron. It is popularly reported that Hoyle intended this to be pejorative, but Hoyle explicitly denied this and said it was just a striking image meant to highlight the difference between the two models. These impacts fragment carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen nuclei present. La nucléosynthèse doit donc être capable d’expliquer toutes les variations de cette courbe, en particulier les pics de l’hydrogène, de l’hélium, du carbone, de l’azote, de … Nucléosynthèse: Origine : RAMEAU: Autre forme du thème : Nucléogenèse: Notices thématiques en relation (2 ressources dans data.bnf.fr) Termes plus larges (2) Cosmochimie. By repeated nuclear fusion, four hydrogen nuclei amalgamate into a helium nucleus. Observation of barium abundances some 20–50 times greater than found in unevolved stars is evidence of the operation of the s-process within such stars. Nucléosynthèse stellaire. Helium nuclei, in turn, can be built up into carbon (three helium nuclei), oxygen (four helium nuclei), and other heavier elements. La nucléosynthèse est un ensemble de processus physiques conduisant à la synthèse de noyaux atomiques, par fission ou fusion nucléaire [1].. Il existe plusieurs processus astrophysiques qui seraient responsables de la nucléosynthèse dans l'univers, les précurseurs étant les processus R, processus S et processus P.. Les trois types de base de nucléosynthèse sont : The stability of atomic nuclei of different sizes and composition (i.e. Hoyle proposed that hydrogen is continuously created in the universe from vacuum and energy, without need for universal beginning. In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (abbreviated BBN, also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, archeonucleosynthesis, archonucleosynthesis, protonucleosynthesis and paleonucleosynthesis) is the production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen (hydrogen-1, 1 H, having a single proton as a nucleus) during the early phases of the Universe. The majority of these occur within stars, and the chain of those nuclear fusion processes are known as hydrogen burning (via the proton-proton chain or the CNO cycle), helium burning, carbon burning, neon burning, oxygen burning and silicon burning. Los programas pueden cargarse y ejecutarse directamente en una computadora «vacía», siempre que sus autores quieran desarrollarlos sin usar ninguna abstracción del hardware ni ninguna ayuda del sistema operativo. Search type:Within Lyrics Lyrics Exact Match Titles Exact Match. Equally convincing evidence of the stellar origin of heavy elements is the large overabundances of specific stable elements found in stellar atmospheres of asymptotic giant branch stars. Interstellar gas therefore contains declining abundances of these light elements, which are present only by virtue of their nucleosynthesis during the Big Bang, and also cosmic ray spallation. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Arthur Stanley Eddington first suggested in 1920, that stars obtain their energy by fusing hydrogen into helium and raised the possibility that the heavier elements may also form in stars. The detection of technetium in the atmosphere of a red giant star in 1952,[11] by spectroscopy, provided the first evidence of nuclear activity within stars. Spectral analysis of the Sun •photospheric absorption lines −→abundance ratios element:hydrogen – exceptions: He, Ne, Ar, rare heavy elements – no information on isotopic abundances, except from some molecules (e.g. La nucléosynthèse doit donc être capable d’expliquer toutes les variations de cette courbe, en particulier les pics de l’hydrogène, de l’hélium, du carbone, de l’azote, de l’oxygène mais surtout celui du fer. Address 3. A few minutes afterwards, starting with only protons and neutrons, nuclei up to lithium and beryllium (both with mass number 7) were formed, but hardly any other elements. , par bombardement de matière (La matière est la substance qui compose tout corps ayant une réalité … Omissions? Fusion de l'hydrogène [modifier | modifier le code] L'hydrogène est le carburant majeur des étoiles et sa fusion est le premier maillon de la chaîne de nucléosynthèse. Those are our primary source, for example, of technetium. nucleosynthesis synonyms, nucleosynthesis pronunciation, nucleosynthesis translation, English dictionary definition of nucleosynthesis. Avant une supernova, les éléments de fusion entre le silicium et le fer peuvent être produits seulement dans les plus grosses étoiles, dans le processus de combustion du silicium. However, some nuclides are also produced by a number of natural means that have continued after primordial elements were in place. 1 NUCLÉOSYNTHÈSE ET ABONDANCE DES ÉLÉMENTS proton neutron 4He 4He 8Be 4He rayon gamma 12C Figure 1 – Principe de la réaction «triple al-pha» pour former du carbone 12 à partir de trois Star formation has been occurring continuously in galaxies since that time. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The neutron capture reactions of the r-process and s-process create heavier elements, from iron upwards. Do you like the product? Most notably spallation is believed to be responsible for the generation of almost all of 3He and the elements lithium, beryllium, and boron, although some 7Li and 7Be are thought to have been produced in the Big Bang. Address 3. Subsequently, Hoyle's picture was expanded during the 1960s by contributions from William A. Fowler, Alastair G. W. Cameron, and Donald D. Clayton, followed by many others. At the same time it was clear that oxygen and carbon were the next two most common elements, and also that there was a general trend toward high abundance of the light elements, especially those with isotopes composed of whole numbers of helium-4 nuclei (alpha nuclides). 1-La nucléosynthèse primordiale, qui a eu… la supernova nucléosynthèse est la production de nouveaux éléments chimiques dans supernovae. Les physiciens leur ont donné le nom de coul ‘Before nucleosynthesis begins, protons and neutrons are continually interconverting by means of weak nuclear interactions (the nuclear interactions are described in more detail a bit later on).’ The most convincing proof of explosive nucleosynthesis in supernovae occurred in 1987 when those gamma-ray lines were detected emerging from supernova 1987A. The rp-process (rapid proton) involves the rapid absorption of free protons as well as neutrons, but its role and its existence are less certain. On Earth, mixing and evaporation has altered this composition to what is called the natural terrestrial composition. ... et donc une restriction de la nucléosynthèse primordiale. Stardust grains are one component of cosmic dust. Prime. Editor Frederic P. Miller. n. The process by which heavier chemical elements are synthesized from lighter atomic nuclei in the … The products of stellar nucleosynthesis are generally dispersed into the interstellar gas through mass loss episodes and the stellar winds of low mass stars. As it happened, both Lemaître and Hoyle's models of nucleosynthesis would be needed to explain the elemental abundances in the universe. Núcleo hace referencia a varios artículos: . Hoyle's work explained how the abundances of the elements increased with time as the galaxy aged. − P. anal. numbers of neutrons and protons) plays an important role in the possible reactions among nuclei. That paper defined new processes for the transformation of one heavy nucleus into others within stars, processes that could be documented by astronomers. This is the region of nucleosynthesis within which the isotopes with the highest binding energy per nucleon are created. Corrections? 16 NUCLÉOSYNTHÈSE STELLAIRE « CALME » (suite) SORT DES ÉTOILES DE MASSE M e: 1/3 M s < M e < 8 M s ( type Soleil ) coeur : fusion de He C et O très haute T ( 100 . Carbon is produced by the triple-alpha process in all stars. Help us build the largest human-edited lyrics collection on the web. [8] Of particular importance is carbon because its formation from He is a bottleneck in the entire process. Although these processes do not produce the nuclides in abundance, they are assumed to be the entire source of the existing natural supply of those nuclides. If so, just tell it to your friends! Solar system abundances: two types of data sources: 1. Cosmic ray spallation process reduces the atomic weight of interstellar matter by the impact with cosmic rays, to produce some of the lightest elements present in the universe (though not a significant amount of deuterium). Tout d'abord , nous pouvons définir la Nucléosynthèse comme un processus physiques conduisant à la synthèse des noyaux atomiques généralement par fission et fusion nucléaire . The first ideas on nucleosynthesis were simply that the chemical elements were created at the beginning of the universe, but no rational physical scenario for this could be identified. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). La nucléosynthèse primordiale est une théorie d'astrophysique qui permet d'expliquer la présence de certains atomes dont l'existence n'était pas prévue par le modèle de nucléosynthèse stellaire, comme le deutérium, l'hélium 3 et 4 et le lithium 7. These processes are able to create elements up to and including iron and nickel. Cart Hello Select your address Best Sellers Today's Deals New Releases Electronics Books Customer Service … [5] Such a graph of the abundances is displayed on a logarithmic scale below, where the dramatically jagged structure is visually suppressed by the many powers of ten spanned in the vertical scale of this graph. Carbon is also the main element that causes the release of free neutrons within stars, giving rise to the s-process, in which the slow absorption of neutrons converts iron into elements heavier than iron and nickel.[9][10]. On pourrait par contre citer un quatrième type de création atomique : la nucléosynthèse humaine. Les différents types de supernovas 15 NUcLéOSyNThèSE PRIMORDIALE 17 Le chaudron cosmique 18 Les noyaux fossiles 18 La nucléosynthèse primordiale 20 QU’EST-cE QU’UNE ... de ces éléments par la nucléosynthèse, c’est-à-dire la synthèse des noyaux d’atomes … ... Les noyaux plus lourds résultent de la nucléosynthèse stellaire. https://www.britannica.com/science/nucleosynthesis, University of California - Nucleosynthesis. [1][2] This idea was not generally accepted, as the nuclear mechanism was not understood. Tipos de núcleo. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. En violet : produit par collision d'étoiles à neutrons. Theories of nucleosynthesis are tested by calculating isotope abundances and comparing those results with observed abundances. Tiny amounts of certain nuclides are produced on Earth by artificial means. These decays are accompanied by the emission of gamma-rays (radiation from the nucleus), whose spectroscopic lines can be used to identify the isotope created by the decay. The seminal 1957 review paper by E. M. Burbidge, G. R. Burbidge, Fowler and Hoyle[4] is a well-known summary of the state of the field in 1957. This nuclear astronomy observation was predicted in 1969[16] as a way to confirm explosive nucleosynthesis of the elements, and that prediction played an important role in the planning for NASA's Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. Quatre périodes, lieux et mécanismes de nucléosynthèse sont à distinguer : These processes began as hydrogen and helium from the Big Bang collapsed into the first stars after about 500 million years. Explore Kono's Public Records, Phone, Address, Social Media & More. The increase in the number of protons builds the nucleus to higher atomic numbers. Quasiequilibrium can be thought of as almost equilibrium except for a high abundance of the 28Si nuclei in the feverishly burning mix. Contributors. Editor Agnes F. Vandome. Nucleosynthesis definition is - the production of a chemical element from simpler nuclei (as of hydrogen) especially in a star. Explosive nucleosynthesis occurs too rapidly for radioactive decay to decrease the number of neutrons, so that many abundant isotopes with equal and even numbers of protons and neutrons are synthesized by the silicon quasi-equilibrium process. Fred Hoyle's original work on nucleosynthesis of heavier elements in stars, occurred just after World War II. The primary stimulus to the development of this theory was the shape of a plot of the abundances versus the atomic number of the elements. Add your lyrics here! According to the considerations outlined above, at a time, …radiated but also results in nucleosynthesis, the production of heavier nuclei.…, …are the site of major nucleosynthesis, some nucleosynthesis certainly occurs there.…. Email & More. The quantities of the light elements 1H and 4He produced by spallation are negligible relative to their primordial abundance. Nucleosynthesis, production on a cosmic scale of all the species of chemical elements from perhaps one or two simple types of atomic nuclei, a process that entails large-scale nuclear reactions including those in progress in the Sun and other stars. When two neutron stars collide, a significant amount of neutron-rich matter may be ejected, including newly formed nuclei. On appelle nucléosynthèse l’ensemble des réactions nucléaires qui se produisent soit lors de la naissance de l’Univers observable, soit à l’intérieur des étoiles, soit dans le milieu interstellaire bombardé par les rayons cosmiques. On sait depuis le xix e siècle, grâce aux travaux du chimiste russe Dimitri Mendeleïev, que la matière observable est constituée d'environ quatre-vingt-dix éléments chimiques différents al Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. La théorie standard du Big Bang s’appuie sur trois piliers astrophysiques : l’expansion de l’Univers, le rayonnement cosmologique fossile, et la nucléosynthèse primordiale. Explore Kono's 1. Il fait partie des réactions nucléaires de nucléosynthèse Cosmologie 4 - Alain Bouquet 9/48 Entropie et densité . 1-La nucléosynthèse primordiale, qui a eu… Ciencias formales El término se conoce también con el nombre de Kernel. Elements formed during this time were in the plasma state, and did not cool to the state of neutral atoms until much later. la nucléosynthèse explosive est la création de nouveaux éléments chimiques par une supernova au cours de la combustion explosive de l’oxygène et du silicium. Núcleo (matemática), (también llamado kernel), en álgebra lineal, se refiere al núcleo de una aplicación o conjunto de puntos cuya imagen asignada por la aplicación es el vector nulo. Pour l'interaction forte, il faut 3 différent types de charges. La nucléosynthèse est un processus survenant a la suite du Big-bang. According to current theories, the first nuclei were formed a few minutes after the Big Bang, through nuclear reactions in a process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Explore Gruyter's Public Records, Phone, Address, Social Media & More. En dépit des données expérimentales aucune théorie de nucléosynthèse ne prévoit un rôle central pour l'oxygène. Lookup Any Name - Try Today! See more. Other unusual isotopic ratios within these grains reveal many specific aspects of explosive nucleosynthesis. Cosmic nucleosynthesis, therefore, is studied among researchers of astrophysics and nuclear physics ("nuclear astrophysics"). Le résultat est que les deux éléments majoritaires sont l'hydrogène (le protium) et l'hélium-4. Because of the very short period in which nucleosynthesis occurred before it was stopped by expansion and cooling (about 20 minutes), no elements heavier than beryllium (or possibly boron) could be formed. We're sorry. Núcleo de Poisson, en la teoría del potencial; Cette dernière, non accessible à l’observation directe, constitue la clé de la compréhension d’une période cruciale de l’histoire de l’Univers, celle qui a vu apparaître les premiers noyaux d’atomes. la nucléosynthèse dans les supernovae produit la plupart des éléments plus gros que le fer. Synthèse du noyau d'un atome. Year: Apply. This is in contrast to the B2FH designation of the process as a secondary process. Espace de culture scientifique Bienvenue dans l'espace de culture scientifique proposé par le CEA. Dans les processus de fusion nucléaire se produisant lors d'une nucléosynthèse stellaire, la masse maximale d'un élément fusionné est celle du fer, atteignant un isotope ayant une masse atomique de 56. Scribd es red social de lectura y publicación más importante del mundo. Many of the chemical elements up to iron (atomic number 26) and their present cosmic abundances may be accounted for by successive nuclear fusion reactions beginning with hydrogen and perhaps some primeval helium. « Nucléosynthèse » est le terme utilisé pour appelé les processus de synthèse des éléments chimiques dans l’Univers. Il existe plusieurs types de Nucléosynthèse : primordiale, stellaire et interstellaire.
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